Chausathi Yogini Temple
Chausathi Yogini Temple: The Chausathi Yogini Temple in India refers to a group of temples dedicated to the worship of 64 yoginis, who are considered powerful, goddess-like figures in tantric worship. These temples are rare and hold significant spiritual and cultural importance, particularly in tantric practices.
The Chausathi Yogini Temple (also known as the 64-Yogini Temple or Mahamaya Temple) is located 15 km from Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, India. It is dedicated to the worship of 64 yoginis, goddess-like figures associated with tantric practices.
This tantric shrine features a unique hypaethral (roofless) design, reflecting the belief that tantric rituals involve worshipping the bhumandala, the environment composed of the five elements of nature—fire, water, earth, air, and ether. The yoginis are believed to possess the power of flight and are depicted as female figures standing on animals, demons, or human heads, symbolizing the triumph of Shakti, the eternal cosmic power. In Hindu mythology, Aadishakti, the supreme power, is said to have existed independently and created the universe by her will. The idols in the temple express a wide range of emotions, including rage, sadness, joy, desire, and happiness. The number 64 has significance in Hindu mythology, relating to time (Kālá) and the performing arts (Kalā), among other meanings.
Although rare, temples dedicated to yoginis can also be found in other places in India, such as the Ranipur-Jharial site in Balangir district, Odisha.
The Chausathi Yogini Temple is believed to have been built in 864 CE by Queen Hiradevi of the Bhouma dynasty, also known as Santikaradeva II. It is considered the first 64-Yogini Temple in India.
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According to local legend, Goddess Durga took the form of 64 demi-goddesses to defeat a demon. After their victory, the 64 yoginis requested Durga to honor them with a temple structure.
The temple complex is currently maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. In the 16th century, the temple was attacked by Kalapahad, a Muslim general, who is known for destroying the murtis of the temple. He is also infamous for his attacks on the Jagannath and Konark temples.
Other notable Chausath Yogini temples in India include:
- Ranipur-Jharial (Balangir, Odisha) – This site is another significant place with a temple dedicated to the 64 yoginis, offering a glimpse into the rich tantric and religious traditions of the region.
- Kangra (Himachal Pradesh) – Known for its ancient temples, Kangra has a yogini temple that reflects the tantric culture of the area.
- Madhya Pradesh – A few other Chausath Yogini temples are found in the state, with some near Bhopal and in Bhilsa.
These temples are often associated with the worship of the divine feminine, representing different aspects of energy, power, and creation. The number 64 holds special significance in Hindu mythology and tantric practices, symbolizing completeness and the diversity of the divine. The temples are not only spiritual centers but also architectural marvels, showcasing intricate carvings and sculptures that depict various yoginis in dynamic poses.
While these temples are scattered across India, they remain rare, and each offers a unique insight into ancient Indian culture, spiritual practices, and the influence of tantra.
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